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응급의학 Emergency Medicine

헬기 응급의료, 중증 환자 생존율을 높인다

by EMT7 2025. 2. 8.


1. 헬기 응급의료란?
헬기 응급의료(Air Ambulance, Helicopter Emergency Medical Services, HEMS)는 중증 환자를 신속하게 이송하고, 응급처치를 제공하는 항공 의료 서비스를 의미한다.
헬기 구급 시스템은 교통체증이 심한 도심, 응급의료 접근성이 낮은 도서·산간 지역, 중증 외상 환자가 발생한 사고 현장 등에서 골든타임을 확보하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다.

특히, 심근경색, 뇌졸중, 중증 외상 등의 환자는 신속한 이송과 적절한 치료가 생존율을 크게 좌우하기 때문에, 헬기 응급의료 시스템이 중요한 응급의료 체계로 자리 잡고 있다.

닥터헬기
닥터헬기



2. 헬기 응급의료의 필요성
1) 골든타임 확보
(1) 신속한 이송
헬기는 지상 교통 상황에 영향을 받지 않고 직선 거리로 빠르게 이동할 수 있어, 긴급한 환자 이송에 최적화되어 있다.
특히, 교통체증이 심한 대도시나 산간 지역에서는 구급차보다 헬기를 이용하는 것이 시간이 훨씬 단축될 수 있다.

(2) 생명을 좌우하는 골든타임
심장마비 환자는 4~6분 이내 심폐소생술을 받지 않으면 생존율이 급격히 낮아진다.
뇌졸중 환자는 3시간 이내 혈전용해제 투여가 필요하며, 중증 외상 환자는 1시간 내(Platinum 10 Minutes ~ Golden Hour) 응급처치를 받아야 한다.
헬기 이송을 통해 응급실 도착 시간을 단축하면, 환자의 생존율을 크게 높일 수 있다.

2) 중증 환자 치료 환경 개선
(1) 응급의료 취약 지역의 의료 접근성 강화
도서, 산간 지역 등에서는 응급의료기관까지 이동하는 시간이 길어 응급 치료의 기회를 놓칠 위험이 크다.
헬기 응급의료 시스템이 구축되면, 의료 취약지의 환자도 신속하게 치료를 받을 수 있다.

(2) 고급 응급처치 제공 가능
헬기 내에는 응급처치를 수행할 수 있는 의사, 응급구조사(Paramedic), 간호사 등 전문 의료진이 탑승하여
이송 중에도 심폐소생술, 혈압 유지 치료, 약물 투여, 기도 확보 등의 처치를 할 수 있다.
이러한 조치는 병원 도착 전 환자의 상태를 안정화하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다.

 

닥터헬기
닥터헬기



3. 헬기 응급의료의 실제 효과
1) 생존율 증가
헬기 응급의료 시스템을 운영하는 국가들의 연구 결과에 따르면,
헬기 이송을 받은 중증 외상 환자의 생존율이 지상 구급차 이송보다 높게 나타났다.

(1) 미국 연구 사례
미국 응급의료 시스템(EMS) 연구 결과, 헬기 이송을 받은 중증 외상 환자는 지상 구급차 이송 환자보다 생존율이 16% 더 높았다.
특히, 심한 두부 손상, 다발성 골절, 대량 출혈이 있는 환자에게 헬기 이송이 큰 효과를 보였다.

(2) 유럽 연구 사례
독일과 영국에서 진행된 연구에서도, 헬기 이송을 받은 환자는 병원 도착 전 사망률이 낮았으며,
응급 수술 후 회복 속도가 더 빨랐다.
특히, 심장마비, 중증 외상, 화상 환자에게 헬기 이송이 효과적이었다.

(3) 한국 닥터헬기 운영 성과
한국에서도 **닥터헬기(Doctor Helicopter)**를 도입한 이후, 중증 환자의 생존율이 향상되었다.
2021년 보건복지부 발표에 따르면, 헬기로 이송된 중증 외상 환자의 사망률이 30% 이상 감소한 것으로 나타났다.
 

 

닥터헬기
닥터헬기


 

4. 헬기 응급의료 시스템의 운영 방식
1) 닥터헬기(Doctor Helicopter) 운영 방식
닥터헬기는 응급의료 전문 의료진(의사, 간호사, 응급구조사)이 탑승하여 이송 중 응급처치를 수행할 수 있는 헬기이다.

(1) 닥터헬기 운영 과정
① 응급상황 발생 → ② 119 신고 및 출동 결정 → ③ 헬기 이착륙장 또는 현장 출동 → ④ 응급처치 및 환자 이송 → ⑤ 최적의 응급의료센터 도착

(2) 닥터헬기의 주요 역할
응급처치: 심폐소생술, 기도 확보, 출혈 조절, 혈압 유지 등
중증 환자 신속 이송: 최적의 병원으로 빠르게 이송
재난·대형사고 대응: 대규모 재난 발생 시 긴급 의료 지원
 
 
5. 헬기 응급의료 시스템의 한계점과 개선 방안
1) 한계점
(1) 운영 비용 부담
헬기 응급의료는 운영 비용이 높아 예산 확보가 필수적이다.
한 대의 헬기 운영에 연간 50억 원 이상이 소요될 수 있다.

(2) 이착륙 장소 부족
헬기는 이착륙장이 필요하지만, 도심지에서는 착륙할 공간이 부족하여 이송이 제한될 수 있다.
이를 해결하기 위해, 주요 병원 옥상에 헬기 착륙장을 구축하는 정책이 추진되고 있다.

(3) 기상 조건의 영향
헬기는 악천후(비, 안개, 태풍 등) 상황에서 운항이 제한될 수 있다.
기상 조건을 실시간으로 분석하고, 대체 수송 수단(구급차, 특수차량)과 연계하는 시스템 구축이 필요하다.

 

닥터헬기
닥터헬기


 

6.헬기 응급의료의 미래 발전 방향
1) AI 및 ICT 기술 활용
(1) AI 기반 응급환자 분류 시스템
AI 기술을 활용해 응급상황 발생 시 헬기 출동이 필요한 환자를 자동 분류하는 시스템을 도입할 수 있다.
(2) 응급 원격 의료 시스템
헬기 내에서 AI가 의료진과 연결되어 실시간으로 환자 상태를 분석하고 치료 계획을 지원하는 기술이 개발 중이다.
2) 도심형 헬기 응급 시스템 구축
현재 헬기 응급의료는 주로 농어촌과 도서 지역 중심으로 운영되고 있으나, 도심 지역에서도 헬기 응급이 가능하도록 헬기 착륙장(헬리포트) 확대가 필요하다.
3) 응급 헬기 운영 예산 및 지원 확대
헬기 운영 예산을 확보하고, 지자체와 정부가 협력하여 헬기 응급의료 시스템을 지속적으로 확충해야 한다.

 


 
7. 결론: 헬기 응급의료는 생명을 살린다
헬기 응급의료는 중증 환자의 생존율을 높이고, 응급의료 접근성을 향상시키는 핵심적인 의료 시스템이다.
특히, 골든타임 확보가 중요한 심장마비, 뇌졸중, 중증 외상 환자에게 필수적인 의료 서비스로 자리 잡고 있다.

앞으로 헬기 응급의료 시스템의 확대, AI 및 원격 의료 기술 도입, 도심형 착륙장 구축 등이 이루어진다면
더 많은 생명을 구할 수 있을 것이다.


 





1. What is helicopter emergency medical?
Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) refers to aviation medical services that quickly transport severely ill patients and provide first aid.
The helicopter first aid system plays an important role in securing golden time in urban areas with severe traffic jams, islands and mountainous areas with low access to emergency medical care, and accident sites where severe trauma patients occurred.

In particular, the helicopter emergency medical system has become an important emergency medical system because rapid transfer and appropriate treatment greatly determine the survival rate for patients such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and severe trauma.

2. Necessity of helicopter emergency medical care
1) Securing golden time
(1) Rapid transfer
Helicopters can travel quickly in a straight line without being affected by ground traffic conditions, making them optimized for urgent patient transfer.
In particular, in large cities or mountainous areas with severe traffic jams, using helicopters can be much shorter than ambulances.

(2) Golden Time to Determine Life
Heart attack patients have a sharply lower survival rate if they do not undergo CPR within 4 to 6 minutes.
Stroke patients need thrombolytic agents within 3 hours, and severe trauma patients need first aid within 1 hour (Platinum 10 Minutes ~ Golden Hour).
Shortening the arrival time of the emergency room through helicopter transfer can significantly increase the survival rate of patients.

2) Improvement of treatment environment for severely ill patients
(1) Strengthening access to medical care in areas vulnerable to emergency medical care
In islands and mountainous areas, there is a high risk of missing opportunities for emergency treatment due to the long travel time to emergency medical institutions.
Once the helicopter emergency medical system is established, patients in medically vulnerable areas can also receive treatment quickly.

(2) Advanced first aid can be provided
Professional medical staff, such as doctors, paramedics, and nurses, who can perform first aid, are on board the helicopter.
Even during transfer, treatments such as CPR, blood pressure maintenance treatment, drug administration, and airway securing can be performed.
These measures play an important role in stabilizing the patient's condition before hospital arrival.

3. Actual Effect of Helicopter Emergency Medical
1) Increased survival rate
According to studies by countries that operate helicopter emergency medical systems,
The survival rate of severe trauma patients who received helicopter transport was higher than that of ground ambulance transport.

(1) US study case
According to a study by the U.S. Emergency Medical System (EMS), severe trauma patients who received helicopter transport had a 16% higher survival rate than those who received ground ambulance transport.
In particular, helicopter transfer showed a great effect on patients with severe head damage, multiple fractures, and massive bleeding.

(2) European research case
Studies conducted in Germany and the UK also showed that patients who received helicopter transfers had low mortality before arriving at the hospital,
Recovery was faster after the emergency surgery.
In particular, helicopter transfer was effective for patients with heart attacks, severe trauma, and burns.

(3) Performance of Korean Doctor Helicopter Operation
In Korea, the survival rate of severely ill patients has improved since the introduction of **Doctor Helicopter**.
According to a 2021 announcement by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the mortality rate of severe trauma patients transported by helicopter decreased by more than 30%.



4. Operation method of helicopter emergency medical system
1) Doctor Helicopter Operation Method
Doctor helicopters are helicopters that can carry out first aid during transportation with emergency medical medical staff (doctors, nurses, and emergency medical technicians) on board.

(1) Doctor helicopter operation process
1 Emergency occurrence → 2 119 report and dispatch decision → 3 helicopter takeoff and landing site or on-site dispatch → 4 first aid and patient transfer → 5 optimal emergency medical center arrival

(2) Major role of doctor helicopter
First aid: CPR, airway acquisition, bleeding control, blood pressure maintenance, etc.
Rapid transfer of severely ill patients: Rapid transfer to optimal hospital
Response to disasters and major accidents: Emergency medical support in the event of a major disaster;


5. Limitations and Improvement Plan of Helicopter Emergency Medical System
1) Limitations
(1) Operating cost burden
Helicopter emergency medical care has high operating costs, so securing a budget is essential.
One helicopter operation can cost more than 5 billion won a year.

(2) Lack of takeoff and landing places
Helicopters need take-off and landing sites, but transportation may be restricted due to lack of space to land in urban areas.
To solve this problem, a policy to build a helicopter landing site on the roof of a major hospital is being promoted.

(3) Effect of weather conditions
Helicopters may be restricted from operating in bad weather conditions (rain, fog, typhoons, etc.).
It is necessary to analyze weather conditions in real time and establish a system that links them with alternative means of transportation (ambulance, special vehicles).


6. Future Development Direction of Helicopter Emergency Medical
1) Utilization of AI and ICT technologies
(1) AI-based emergency patient classification system
AI technology can be used to introduce a system that automatically classifies patients who need helicopter dispatch in case of an emergency.
(2) Emergency telemedicine system
In helicopters, AI is being developed to analyze patient conditions in real time and support treatment plans by connecting with medical staff.
2) Establishment of urban helicopter emergency system
Currently, helicopter emergency medical care is mainly operated in rural and island areas, but it is necessary to expand the helicopter landing site (heliport) to enable helicopter emergency in urban areas.
3) Expansion of emergency helicopter operation budget and support
It is necessary to secure the budget for helicopter operation and to continuously expand the helicopter emergency medical system in cooperation with local governments and the government.

7. Conclusion: Helicopter emergency medical care saves lives.
Helicopter emergency medical care is a key medical system that increases the survival rate of severely ill patients and improves access to emergency medical care.
In particular, securing golden time is becoming an essential medical service for heart attacks, strokes, and severe trauma patients.

In the future, if the helicopter emergency medical system is expanded, AI and telemedicine technology are introduced, and urban landing sites are built,
More lives could be saved.